{"id":56,"date":"2013-12-28T00:53:50","date_gmt":"2013-12-28T00:53:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/?page_id=56"},"modified":"2016-08-15T03:35:04","modified_gmt":"2016-08-15T03:35:04","slug":"composition","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/composition\/","title":{"rendered":"Composition of Kidney and Ureteral Stones"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>What are Kidney and Ureteral Stones Made of?<\/h1>\n<p><strong>by<strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/about\/urologists\/dr-alex-shteynshlyuger\/\">Alex Shteynshlyuger MD<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>If you have any questions, to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/appointments\/\">schedule a consultation<\/a>\u00a0or if you need a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/second-opinion-urologist-nyc\/\">second opinion<\/a>, please<a href=\"\/?page_id=876\">\u00a0<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/contactus\/\">contact us<\/a>\u00a0or call: <a onclick=\"goog_report_conversion ('tel: 6466634421')\" href=\"tel:6466634421\">646-663-4421<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2><strong>Where do Kidney Stones Come from? What are Kidney Stones Made of?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Rather than one single cause, very often several factors occur in combination and lead to the formation of kidney stones.<\/p>\n<p>At a molecular level, kidney stones form when the concentration of crystal-forming substances in the urine (such as uric acid, calcium, and oxalate) is high. \u00a0This is typically caused when there is not enough fluid in the urine to dilute them.<\/p>\n<p>In addition, if the urine lacks molecules that prevent the crystals from sticking to each other, then this creates the ideal environment for stone formation. For example magnesium blocks kidney stone formation. \u00a0Chemical analysis of a kidney stone can reveal what it is made up of, and this provides an important clue to the underlying cause of a person&#8217;s stone disease.<\/p>\n<h2>How are Kidney Stones Formed?<\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-2684\" src=\"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2013\/12\/shutterstock_18093436-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Kidney Stones\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2013\/12\/shutterstock_18093436-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2013\/12\/shutterstock_18093436-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2013\/12\/shutterstock_18093436-800x532.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2013\/12\/shutterstock_18093436.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2013\/12\/shutterstock_18093436-900x599.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2013\/12\/shutterstock_18093436-370x246.jpg 370w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>Kidney stones are made from aggregation or precipitate of normal substances and molecules present in urine. Typically when the concentration of these molecules is high, as a result of low urine volume or high amount of one or more of these molecules, the molecules precipitate and a stone is formed.<\/p>\n<p>It is important to recognize that many kidney stones are composed from more than one component and are not pure. For example you can get a mixed stone made of calcium and uric acid. \u00a0In addition, if you have a calcium stone,\u00a0if you get a kidney stone in the future it may not be a calcium stone.<\/p>\n<h2>Kidney Stone Composition<\/h2>\n<p><b>Calcium stones<\/b>: These account for 80% of kidney stones. In certain individuals, the extra calcium aggregates to form stones in the urine. Calcium stones then aggregate with other minerals and form larger stones. There are 2 types of calcium stones: calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate. Disease conditions such as hyperparathyroidism can cause calcium stones.<\/p>\n<p><b>Uric acid stones<\/b>: Increased levels of acid in the urine can cause uric acid stones, which form 5-15% of kidney stones. A non-vegetarian diet (meat, fish) can cause uric acid stones. \u00a0Consumption of alcohol, reduced urination, inflamed bowel conditions, gout, and genetic factors can also contribute to uric acid stone formation.\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0Uric acid stones are very sensitive to urine pH and can sometimes be dissolved.<\/p>\n<p><b>Cystine stones<\/b>: These account for less than 1% of kidney stones. Individuals with a genetic condition called cystinuria are predisposed to increased excretion of cystine into the urine, resulting in cystine stones.<\/p>\n<p><b>Struvite stones<\/b>: These are formed following infection of the kidneys and account for 10 to 15% of kidney stones. \u00a0Struvite stones lead to internal complications and may require surgical intervention. Large struvite stones (staghorn calculi) can damage kidneys and create a number of complications.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Matrix stones:<\/strong> these are made from sloughed off cells of the kidney.<\/p>\n<p>There are a number of less common kidney stones caused by medications and other components.<\/p>\n<p>The symptoms of kidney stones do not vary by their composition. \u00a0Infections are more common with struvite stones. \u00a0Once the composition of kidney or ureteral stones is determined, <a title=\"Prevention of Kidney Stones: Advice from New York Urology Specialists\" href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/prevention\/\">prevention measures<\/a> can be advised.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>If you have any questions, to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/appointments\/\">schedule a consultation<\/a>\u00a0or if you need a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/second-opinion-urologist-nyc\/\">second opinion<\/a>, please<a href=\"\/?page_id=876\">\u00a0<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/contactus\/\">contact us<\/a>\u00a0or call: <a onclick=\"goog_report_conversion ('tel: 6466634421')\" href=\"tel:6466634421\">646-663-4421<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/about\/urologists\/dr-alex-shteynshlyuger\/\">Dr. Alex Shteynshlyuger<\/a><a title=\"Dr. Alex Shteynshlyuger\" href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/about\/urologists\/dr-alex-shteynshlyuger\/\">\u00a0<\/a>is a board-certified urologist. He treats men and women with kidney and ureteral stones. \u00a0He is\u00a0<strong>among the most experienced specialists\u00a0<\/strong>when it comes to treatment of large kidney stones and ureteral stones<strong>. Dr. Shteynshlyuger has performed hundreds of ureteroscopy and lithotripsy procedures<\/strong>\u00a0for large kidney stones, in addition to ESWL procedures.\u00a0\u00a0<strong>He is among a select number of urologists in the United States who performs PCNL for large kidney stones. \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What are Kidney and Ureteral Stones Made of? by Alex Shteynshlyuger MD\u00a0 If you have any questions, to\u00a0schedule a consultation\u00a0or if you need a second opinion, please\u00a0contact us\u00a0or call: 646-663-4421 Where do Kidney Stones Come from? What are Kidney Stones Made of? Rather than one single cause, very often several factors occur in combination and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-56","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Composition of Kidney and Ureteral Stones - NYC Kidney Stone Clinic<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/composition\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/composition\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/composition\/\",\"name\":\"Composition of Kidney and Ureteral Stones - NYC Kidney Stone Clinic\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/composition\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/composition\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2013\/12\/shutterstock_18093436-300x200.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2013-12-28T00:53:50+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2016-08-15T03:35:04+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/composition\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/composition\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/composition\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2013\/12\/shutterstock_18093436.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2013\/12\/shutterstock_18093436.jpg\",\"width\":1000,\"height\":665},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/composition\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Composition of Kidney and Ureteral Stones\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/\",\"name\":\"NYC Kidney Stone Clinic\",\"description\":\" Kidney Stone Prevention and Treatment Specialists\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Composition of Kidney and Ureteral Stones - NYC Kidney Stone Clinic","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/composition\/","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/composition\/","url":"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/composition\/","name":"Composition of Kidney and Ureteral Stones - NYC Kidney Stone Clinic","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/composition\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/composition\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2013\/12\/shutterstock_18093436-300x200.jpg","datePublished":"2013-12-28T00:53:50+00:00","dateModified":"2016-08-15T03:35:04+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/composition\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/composition\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/composition\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2013\/12\/shutterstock_18093436.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2013\/12\/shutterstock_18093436.jpg","width":1000,"height":665},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/composition\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Composition of Kidney and Ureteral Stones"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/","name":"NYC Kidney Stone Clinic","description":" Kidney Stone Prevention and Treatment Specialists","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/56","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=56"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/56\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3576,"href":"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/56\/revisions\/3576"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newyorkurologyspecialists.com\/kidney-stones\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=56"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}